Brand management in small and medium enterprises

Introduction Currently, there exists numerous research-works on brand management within larger and established organizations (LOs). Such research in the organizations has dwelt on important aspects that enable the organizations to achieve the goals of brand organization (Berhon, Ewing and Napoli p.1).Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Brand management in small and medium enterprises specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Nevertheless, on sad note, such extensive and intensive research-work lacks in small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Some specific reasons cited to be the main contributing factors relate low research on brand management within the SME sector. The factors include: majority of SME are perceived to exhibit low capabilities; SME have low marketing power as compared to large organizations; SME have inadequate resources that they can use to effect appropriate and quality brand management (Berhon, Ew ing and Napoli p.1). Other notable reasons have to do with the general perception among SME that brand management involves huge budgets a situation that has been refuted by majority of authors on brand management who maintains that effective branding of the organization can be achieved irrespective of the organization’s budget where it only requires creativity and market assertiveness (Berhon, Ewing and Napoli p.2). Therefore, undertaking research work on the issue of brand management within the SME sector is necessary due to numerous identified gaps. SME is a growing sector contributing immensely to the economies of many countries. However, it is lack of appreciation and concern by majority of scholars and experts for the sector that today, this important sector remains ‘unknown’ adequately. Brand management is becoming important and vital in modern marketing strategies. Many organizations irrespective of their nature are continuing to realize that, to leverage market advantage, then creation and sustainability of organization’s brand management is essential. This research paper will hence explore the issue of brand management in SME sector outlining some of the necessary recommendations for adoption.Advertising Looking for critical writing on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Background Small and medium enterprises (SME) constitute a large and important sector in developed and developing countries. For example, in USA, it is estimated that there are about 5.7 million businesses and out of these, about 14,000 provide jobs to over 500 people (p.28). On the role of SME to country’s gross domestic product (GDP), it is clear that SME activities continue to boost economies of many countries. Notable contribution of this sector is more pronounced in country’s employment rate together with export performance (Berhon, Ewing and Napoli p.28). SMEs are p erceived to be different from large organizations (LOs) in terms of management styles, overall organization operations, and functioning (Berhon, Ewing and Napoli p.28). in addition, SMEs are seen to have unilateral management style and decision-making process, for example, it is the SME manager who undertakes multiple roles of making decision for the organization, attending to many of the organization’s functions and calls where incorporation of professional services such as in employee recruitment and training are minimal if not rare. Compounding further the problem of SME is the fact that, many of these organizations lack enough key resources for investment and expansion and as a result majority of these organizations become victim to ‘survival mentality’ syndrome (Berhon, Ewing and Napoli p.28). This problem of ‘survival mentality’ syndrome has become exuberant specifically due to lack of strategic planning in many of SME organizations as compared to large organizations. As the result of the above factors, management styles in most SME cannot be predicted as each organization exhibit unique, different, and almost independent style from each other. In general, literature postulates that SME experience many problems in key areas of marketing, human resource management and with regard to business planning.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Brand management in small and medium enterprises specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Not all negative aspects have been associated with SME organization and performance. According to Berhon, Ewing and Napoli, SME as compared to large, and multinational organizations are seen to be more entrepreneur in nature. In addition, majority have flexibility with regard to operation, and in most instances, many of them are innovative in nature a factor that enables majority of them to remain competitive and impressive to their particular market niche (Berhon, Ewing and Napoli p.28p.29). Accordingly, SME are regarded to have â€Å"more opportunity of getting close to their customers and obtain valuable feedback which then can be used to provide them with customized and value-added service† (Gilmore cited in Berhon, Ewing and Napoli p.29). Further, SME are seen to have more coping-abilities to the general and complex environment where at the same time, they appear to have and express â€Å"higher order level of organizational learning and are more adept at acquiring and utilizing marketing information than their non-entrepreneur counterparts† (Berhon, Ewing and Napoli p.28 p.29). The problem of branding in majority of SME arise from the fact that numerous problems in the organization are spiced and motivated by lack of marketing expertise in the organization and due to existence of this it becomes difficult for the organization to carry out selection of effective and most appropriate â€Å"p romotional media, designing content, conducting market research, and interpreting marketing information† (Berhon, Ewing and Napoli p.28 p.29). This particular circumstance may be associated or attached to the lack of enough financial resources, technological know-how, effective managerial resources, absence of management information systems, and poor and ineffective decision-making processes (Berhon, Ewing and Napoli p.28 p.29). Literature review Brand management constitutes a concept that has received wide literature organization especially with continuing competition in the market place. Branding continues to characterize many organizations, and today, large numbers of organizations are allocating huge budgets translating even in billions that they use in planning and implementing brand activities.Advertising Looking for critical writing on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Numerous researches and much literature continue to be developed which all attempt to find common ground on the issue of brand management (Heding, Knudtzen and Bjerre p.3). At the same time, many domains, scope, and potential of the brand have been developed together with different concepts, theoretical frameworks, and ideas. On further note, Heding, Knudtzen and Bjerre, view the definition of the concept of brand management in seven different perspectives: the economic perspective, which sees and regards brand as part of traditional marketing mix; and the identity perspective, which on its part regard brand to be interconnected to the corporate identity. This is in addition to consumer-based perspective which perceive brand to have established links in the consumer associations; the personality perspective that regard brand as human-like character; the relational perspective that sees brand as viable relationship partner; the community perspective that regard brand as the pivotal p oint of social interaction and lastly the cultural perspective that regard brand to be part of the wider and broader cultural fabric (Heding, Knudtzen and Bjerre p.3). Providing a prolonged and enriching discussion of brand management, Kotler, Pfoertsch and Michi observe that branding is a concept that continues to confuse many people and organizations (Kotler, Pfoertsch and Michi p.1). To the authors, branding continue to be celebrated in many quarters due to its nature of being a strong and enduring asset and a value driver that in most instances continue to boost the company’s success (Kotler, Pfoertsch and Michi p.1). Starting the exploration of the concept of brand management, Kotler, Pfoertsch and Michi begin their analysis by looking at the branding as a concept of brand management and note that it is not about stirring people into irrational buying decisions but branding constitute an intangible concept vital to the success of the organization (Kotler, Pfoertsch and M ichi p.3). According to the American Marketing Association, brand constitutes â€Å"a name, term, design, symbol or any other feature that identifies one seller’s good or service as distinct from those of other sellers† (AMA cited in Anonymous p.2). Today, many organizations are forced by competition forces to device new sources in which to leverage sustainable competitive advantage that over time become unique, intangible in nature, and protective. Associated with branding is the aspect of brand equity, which, within the precepts of marketing, originates from the greater confidence that majority of consumers invest in a brand than they do in its competitors (Anonymous p.2). Defining brand equity Leuthesser observes that it constitute, â€Å"a set of associations and behaviors on the part of the customers, channel members, and Parent Corporation that permits the brand to earn greater sales volume or greater profit margins than it could without the brand name† (c ited in p.2). Moreover, brand equity is seen to be composed of brand awareness, brand associations, perceived quality, and brand loyalty (Anonymous p.2). In its broadest usage and application brand equity comprises vital and critical resource or asset and for market functioning and performance it constitute an excellent marketing strategy. White Paper on SMEs in Taiwan is an article that provides another perspective on the definition of brand where it defines brand to constitute â€Å"the addition of value to a product, and also combines physical and psychological elements† (White Paper on SMEs in Taiwan p.2). According to the author, the physical aspect comprises the connection between the brand name and the organization together with its products or services, differentiating them from other organizations or products (White Paper on SMEs in Taiwan p.2). On its part, psychological aspect largely involves the â€Å"maintenance of uniformity in terms of communications, guarant ees and behaviors, as well as consistency and conformity to particular requirements† (White Paper on SMEs in Taiwan p.2). Marketing strategies for SME and concept of branding Within the boundaries of SME sector, the aspect of branding is relative infant and uncommon although within large organizations and multinational companies brand management is common and norm (Anonymous p.3). As it is postulated in the background literature, majority of SME operators cite various reasons to be behind their predicaments of lagging behind in band management. For instance, it is general consensus that brand management within SME is constrained by marketing problems that are largely spiced up by inadequate budget, capacity, skills, and expertise and in most recent times triangle of debts has added to these problems (Anonymous p.3). According to Bunnett and Smith, majority of SMEs for a long time have put much emphasis on product and price; their marketing communication involves use of brochur es and in most cases they are sales-oriented and these aspects brings out the fact that SME have less concern to building strong brands and such priority are still dormant in majority of SME (cited in Anonymous p.3). At the same time, other related literature note and express the fact that competitive advantage for many of SME operators rests on â€Å"high speed of decision making, short lines and flexibility, cost, price, specialized products, designs and services, and personal attention to clients needs† (Bunnet and Smith cited in Anonymous p.3). Importance of branding in SME Little literature exists on the role or importance of brand on SME, but such huge literature exists on importance of brand on multinational on large organizations. For example, according to the published articled by White Paper on SMEs in Taiwan, numerous advantages exists especially to companies and organizations that adopt it. First, brand is seen to constitute a brand name and trademark that in turn provide legal protection for a product, putting barrier to the organization’s competitors from copying it (White Paper on SMEs in Taiwan p.2). Branding, at the same time, is seen to facilitate market segmentation where a brand has the potential and capabilities of cultivating customer loyalty and in the process maintain a stable sales volume that in turn ensure long-term profitability for the organization (White Paper on SMEs in Taiwan p.2). Two authors, Onkvisit and Shaw, perceive branding to have some benefits for an organization in that, due to brand development, it becomes easier for the organization’s products to be identified and better known in the market. At the same time, it leads to creation of opportunities for differentiation and further it has the potential to results into brand loyalty and price premium (White Paper on SMEs in Taiwan p.2). Branding process in an organization further impacts the process of product sale where brand is seen to have protecti on role where it becomes critical and vital in providing help for the protection of the interests of consumer, the producer, and even their middlemen. Within these boundaries, branding is seen to perform an important role on the part of consumers where it becomes possible for the consumers to identify and locate the particular and specific product that they want and through this, it becomes apparent that there is reduction of the amount of time such consumers require to spend in making their individual selection. Given this scenario, branding is seen to be a vital tool in price competition where at the same time it has capabilities of helping and increasing sales volume and profits for the organization (White Paper on SMEs in Taiwan p.3). The very act of possessing an excellent brand gives producer higher value added, and increases the chances of such producer maintaining high earnings performance over a long period of time where at the same time, producers are presented with the op portunity to use their created brand as a medium for communication with the consumer. Branding for SME is recommended, and suggestion made is that, brand value for SME activities lies in the initiatives such SMEs create in terms of pursuing their innovation ability and speed that in turn become critical in establishing and pursuing product differentiation. Through this, SME products are able to fit well in the market where they later results into increased value added and higher profits. SMEs, in numerous literatures, are advised to take and capitalize on their advantageous position of being close and near to the market an aspect that is not enjoyed by large corporations and organizations (White Paper on SMEs in Taiwan p.3). Further, SMEs should take advantage of their extensive and more appropriate mechanisms of forming close ties with customers while at the same time being flexible. When this is realized, SMEs will be in a position to employ innovative methods and ways to deliver differentiated products and services while at the same time building their own brand (White Paper on SMEs in Taiwan p.3). Discussion and Recommendations The continuing fierce market competition by organizations and corporations of all sizes calls for employment and implementation of effective marketing strategies to win and such marketing strategies lies in branding. For a long time, many SMEs have been disillusioned that branding is a preserved benefit and action by large organizations. What SMEs operators need to realize is that brand strategy irrespective of the organization should be part of business management and competition strategy. Another disillusion has centered on the fact that, majority of SMEs see themselves as unable and financially inadequate to afford brand construction (Guiling and Xiaojuan p.1210). What majority of SMEs need to know is that, cost of brand construction greatly lies within each organization’s strategic plan on cost management. The essence her e is that, even with little resources through effective and efficient planning an organization is able to develop strong brand for market performance. Another negative perception of brand management within SME is the belief that brand construction takes a long time and it has no capability of resulting into short-term sales growth. The wisdom here should be that brand construction is a continuous process that intends to see sales growth. With lack of brand strategy, then, even in the short term the organization is largely deficient of realizing sales growth with regard to the capacity and potential of the organization (Guiling and Xiaojuan p.1210). Today, it is true that brand strategy in any organization has numerous advantages and benefits especially analyzed within the context of increasing market competition. Effective and function brand strategy is seen to promote an excellent organization vulture. SME are advised to develop and have an organization culture that has potential t o advance business productivity and improve profits as well as social value. Therefore, SME are required to develop brand strategies that have broad acceptance within stakeholders and consumers (Guiling and Xiaojuan p.1211). Proposals that have been for SME to develop excellent brand strategies are convinced that SME are required to learn and adopt modern brand management knowledge that dwell on â€Å"developing clear brand strategy, consideration and analysis of the situation, seizing the opportunities available more fast and then implementing and promoting enterprise brand strategy†( Guiling and Xiaojuan p.11). Understanding, developing and implementing effective brand strategy is seen to be one of the key fundamentals of capturing market share and striving for survival and development for SME. Therefore, in summary, it is recommended that SME needs to create brand strategies and this can be achieved through â€Å"selecting proper market localization and setting strategic brand; exerting brand management and speeding up the pace of development; using information networks and implementing portfolio management; implement the brand strategy in a large-scale and intensively; get involved in creating fist-rate development rate for success of brand strategy; and pay more focus on product brand than enterprise brand† (Guiling and Xiaojuan p.1211). Conclusion SMEs can no longer disregard the concept of brand management anymore. The increasing truth and prerequisite is that SMEs have the role of putting more effort and focus on building brand strategies which in turn determine brand equity if they hope to realize success and excellent performance in the market. Brand equity is the specific aspect that has evolved to become an important concept in strengthening the competitive position of an SME organization with regard to the increasing competition. Nevertheless, SMEs need not just to embrace brand management strategies without adequate cautions. Given their financial position and overall resource constraint, insufficient marketing budgets and lack of adequate capacity and infrastructure brand development can turn out to be costly and expensive and in turn impact an organization negatively Works Cited Anonymous. Brand Equity and Performance of Small-Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs) in Uganda. Web. Berthon, Pierre, Ewing, Michael. T. and Napoli, Julie. Brand Management in Small to Medium-Sized Enterprises. Journal of Small Business Management. 2008. (Attached notes). Guiling, Li and Xiaojuan, Zhang. The Brand Management Status and Development Research of SME in China. Hubei University of Technology. Web. Heding, Tilde, Knudtzen, Charlotte F. and Bjerre, Mogens. Brand management: research, theory and practice. NY: Taylor Francis. Web. Kotler, Philip, Pfoertsch, Waldemar and Michi, Ines. B2B brand management. NY: Springer. Web. White Paper on SMEs in Taiwan. The Brand Management Models Adopted by Taiwan’s SME’s. Web. This critical writing on Brand management in small and medium enterprises was written and submitted by user Kinsey Q. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

BUSINESS STUDIES Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers, Research Papers

BUSINESS STUDIES Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers, Research Papers BUSINESS STUDIES GLOSSARY YEARS 10 AND 11 NAME ..................................... | | |A | | | | | | |Above the line |Methods of promotion that allow a firm to reach | | |a wide audience easily. These include methods | | |such as advertising on television and in | | |newspapers and magazines. | | | | |ACAS (Advisory, |An independent body established under the | |Conciliation and |Employment Protection Act whose aim is to help | |Arbitration |employers and employees resolve trade disputes | |Service) |and improve industrial relations. | | | | |Accounting ratios|A way of analysing the performance of a company | | |by comparing key items from its balance sheet | | |and the profit and loss account. These are used| | |to show performance in four areas: | | |profitability, liquidity, productivity and | | |investment. | | | | |Advertising |Advertising is designed to create an awareness | | |of a product. It is the process of informing a | | |customer about a product or service (informative| | |advertising) and persuading that customer to buy| | |it (persuasive advertising). | | | | |Advertising |A voluntary body set up by the UK advertising | |Standards |industry to consider complaints made by | |Authority (ASA) |customers about advertisements. It expects an | | |advert to be legal, decent, honest and true. | | | | |Annual bonus |A fixed amount in addition to a basic wage or | | |salary, which employees receive once a year, | | |often at Christmas. This bonus payment | | |motivates employees and encourages loyalty to | | |the business. | | | | |Annual General |The statutory meeting of directors and | |Meeting (AGM) |shareholders held once a year. The shareholders| | |are asked to vote on various proposals that the | | |board of directors is making about the company, | | |but can also ask the directors questions about | | |the business. Shareholders may also elect | | |members of the board of directors. | | | | |Annual report. |A report issued by a limited company, which | | |contains written and financial statements about | | |the progress of the company in the previous | | |financial year. This is to ensure that the | | |shareholders receive some information on an | | |annual basis. | | | | |Apprenticeship |A system of on the job training for craft skills| | |or a profession where young people are given | | |training by working alongside a skilled worker. | | | | |Assets |What a company owns represented in the balance | | |sheet. Fixed assets are long-term assets, which| | |are for use in the business and not for resale. | | |Current assets are used in the course of the | | |business and will be converted into cash within | | |the next twelve months. | | | | |Assisted areas |Specific geographical areas of the UK, which are| | |eligible to receive financial assistance. The | | |government has identified these areas by above | | |average unemployment rates caused by the decline| | |in traditional industries such as ship building,| | |coal mining and steel production. | | | | |Authority |The capacity to give commands which others | | |accept as legitimate in an organisation. | | | | |Autocratic |A style of leadership where the power for making| |leadership |decisions is in the hands of one person or a | | |small group of people. This is the opposite of | | |democratic leadership. | | | | |Average cost |Also called unit cost. The total costs of | | |producing a product divided by the number of | | |units produced. Over a short period of time it | | |is expected that as output increases, average | | |costs will fall to start with and then rise | | |again as the factory moves towards full | | |capacity. See economies/diseconomies of scale | | | |B | | | | | | |Balance of |A record of the overall results of a country's | |payments |trading activity with the rest of the world. It| | |includes imports and exports of goods and | | |services and capital flows into and out of the | | |country. | | | | |Balance sheet |One of the final accounts. It shows the assets | | |and liabilities of the business at a particular | | |date. It is often called a 'snap shot' of the | | |financial state of the business. | | | | |Bank of England |The central bank of the UK. It controls the | | |money supply, interest rates and inflation. | | | | |Bankruptcy |The condition of being unable to meet the

Contrast and Comparison of Three Famous Paintings Essay

Contrast and Comparison of Three Famous Paintings - Essay Example The essay "Contrast and Comparison of Three Famous Paintings" explores such famous paintings as Collision of Moorish Horsemen" of Eugene Delacroix, "The Stone Breakers" of Gustave Courbet and "Haystacks, (sunset)" of Oscar-Claude Monet. The painting "Collision of Moorish Horsemen" has embraced the brighter use colors that portray a romantic design of the art. There is the use of the expressive brushstroke that is used to present the bright colors. As a result, the color has been used to emphasize on the Moorish Horsemen. The painting's visual texture has been used to create a feeling of the battlefield as shown in the art. The background has become successful due to the rapid brushstrokes. The contrast and balance of the piece of art have been made possible by the presence of bright colors in the horses at the front and darker for the one at the background of the battlefield. The painting "The Stone Breakers" has also used bright colors that represent different aspects of the subject s involved in the art. The frontline has brighter colors than the background; hence, presenting different directions and values in the painting. Moreover, unity has been emphasized through the use of active, aggressive subjects. Visual texture has also been embraced where a rough consistency exists in the front (through the stones that the miners are working on) rather than at the background where there is a mountainous background. The painting "Haystacks" has a variety of colors mostly tertiary that present the main theme.

MidSouth Chamber of Commerce Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

MidSouth Chamber of Commerce Case Study - Essay Example He proved, though for a short time, to be a capable marketing manager for MSCC. Nevertheless, he failed in getting more suitably positioned individuals involved in the new system implementation; forcing him to serve as the project’s champion throughout the whole process-a role he was not qualified to play. 3. Simon Kovecki-Systems analyst at the MSCC-happens to be a fresh computer science graduate having no experience with administrative software or membership organization. Kovecki was the only IS professional in MSCC and spent his 3 months at MSCC learning both the organization and its computing systems. He kept the old system running smoothly. He was not involved in system implementation during the initial stages because of not receiving the task for leading MSCC’s computer operations and his distaste of the aspects of software package chosen. Unluckily when he eventually became involved in the project, he failed to make the new system operational. Ed Wilson-Vice president of Public Affairs and Operations of the MSCC-he was initially tasked with computer operations and actually introduces the MSCC to the world of data base management and micro-computers. They later became friends with Lassiter with Wilson providing Lassiter with some support during the Unitrak acquisition process. Greg Ginder-President of Unitrak software Corporation-made concessions so as to sell his company’s software to the MSCC comprising unlimited support during system installation. Unitrak’s support however was missing when MSCC needed them most. It is evident that many of the above discussed roles require modification. Both Kovecki and Hedges-the 2 very significant IS players were fulfilling their activities, with Lassiter unable to have their cooperation or enhancing their effort level. Similarly, the Executive Committee and Walling Ford should have talked in the face of crisis that befell MSCC and ought to have done

Ways to improve the value of employees work contribution Essay

Ways to improve the value of employees work contribution - Essay Example The firm that is analyzed in the paper is the Upper Room Soup Kitchen as one of the long serving soup kitchens in Prince Edward Island in Canada serving to the need of the needy and hungry people in the area. During a two weeks voluntary work in the soup kitchen, as a management student I realized that the value the employees added to operations of the business and towards meeting the goals of the Soup Kitchen in serving the needs of the hungry in Prince Edward Island were constrained. This is despite the fact that most of the employees in the Soup kitchen were volunteers even though there was other long term paid employees. Notably, the food donation system was in disarray with the records of food donations received not properly managed. In addition, though there were quite a considerable amount of food donations received in a week, at times the soup kitchen would record shortages in key foods required, while have excesses of some other. Some of these foods that were not usually use d stayed in the storage for too long and when they went bad, they would be discarded. This brought a point that indeed not only were employees’ contribution for effective running up of the place low, but also was the food donation and recording system lacking. After learning about SSM method which is a means through which problems can be holistically resolved, the researcher thought of Upper Room Soup Kitchen’s problems and decided to develop solutions based on this SSM model that would help the manager of the soup kitchen ensure smoother running. The expressed problem situation With the above problem situation, phone interviews were conducted with five soup kitchen employees from various departments and the manger of the soup kitchen to get a grasp on the problem. The Upper Room soup Kitchen whose goal is to meet some food needs of the hungry people in Prince Edward Island through provision of low fat high nutrition healthy meals to this population is faced not only w ith low employee contribution in meeting its goals but also inefficiencies in the management of its food donation system. Markos and Sridevi (2010:91) indeed asserts that for value of employee contribution in an organization to be improved, the employees’ activities and goals need be aligned the organizations goals. Though the employees in the soup kitchen perform their daily duties well, a sense of laxity in the organization has made inefficient several systems that are core to the organization meeting its goals. For instance, the employees in charge of communicating the food needs of the organization to various stakeholders in order to align the food needs of the soup kitchen to those that are received have experienced some problems in that some of

How Diffierent Strategies Are Used To Support Children Education Essay

How Diffierent Strategies Are Used To Support Children Education Essay The assignment will develop the work started for log B, looking at how diffierent strategies are used to support children with social, emotional behavioural difficulties, focusing on how rewards and sanctions can improve behaviour. Looking at how a school behavioural policy can help within the classroom and school to tackle and improve behaviour as well as using literature to critically analyse these suggestions. Concerns about the behaviours of young people are nothing new. Socrates is quoted as saying Children today are real tyrants, they no longer stand up when their elders come into the room where they are sitting, they contradict their parents, chat together in the presence of adults, eat gluttonously and tyrannise their teachers. What counts as good behaviour can be difficult to identify specifically. Our understanding of the causes and cures of disruptive behaviour over the last few years has grown immensely. Previously, explanations of poor behaviour tend to be based on individual pupils and their families while treatments consisted of drugs, counselling and psychological intervention. Research that is more recent has suggested that school curriculum, teaching approaches, sanction and reward systems and pupil involvement in determining rules, rewards and sanctions contribute to the ethos of high expectations and developing positive teacher pupil relationships where indiscipline is minimised. Sanction and reward systems, which will be the focus of this assignment, have their origins in behaviourist psychology. They are most likely to be effective if shaped by an overall philosophy and linked closely to the ethos of the school and in many schools pupils are involved in drawing up the school rules, and consulted about appropriate sanctions, as this is seen as the best way of ensuring that punishments are seen as fair. Government policy in England states that TES (2005). Rewards and sanction systems are essential for a creative teaching and learning environment. By praising and rewarding positive behaviour, it is believed that others will be encouraged to act similarly. The government believe that school behaviour policy should therefore not only specify what sanctions are available to staff, but also how positive behaviour will be reinforced through praise and rewards.   Surprisingly, theres been little research into the effects of sanctions and rewards on behaviour and achievement. One of the most extensive studies was conducted by researchers at the University of East Anglia in 2000. Their survey of Year 8, 9 and 10 pupils in the Norwich area found that the most effective sanction in the eyes of pupils was a letter or phone call home to parents, while the least effective was a verbal warning. Similarly, the use of gifts was seen as by far the most effective reward, with verbal praise at the bottom of the list (TES, 2005). Recent research (Allen, unpublished) suggests that the school curriculum and the use of teaching approaches through sanctions and reward systems can determine the pupils involvement within the rules, thus contributing to the ethos of high expectations and developing positive teacher and pupil relationships therefore creating the individuality of the pupils. The types of children and their related social, emotional and behavioural problems must be identified before a sanction and rewards scheme can improve behaviour as part of a behavioural management policy within a Pupil Referral Unit. The definition of emotional and behavioural difficulties in Britain (DES, 1989) refers to: Children who set up barriers between themselves and their learning environment through inappropriate, aggressive, bizarre or withdrawn behaviour and who have developed a range of strategies for dealing with day to day experiences that are inappropriate and impede normal personal and social development and make it difficult to learn. This statement suggests that the problem resides with the child and that it is the child who needs to be treated and cured. However this view is far too simplistic. Therefore there is a need to understand the child, looking at the root causes of aggressive or socially inappropriate behaviour, by looking at the different perspectives on behaviour this will help teachers to understand individual childrens behaviour, and give them strategies to use within the classroom. The use of these perspectives is especially useful in a Pru situation where there are a large proportion of challenging children. Many of these children have had negative experiences in their secondary school and view themselves as inadequate, ineffective, and useless troublemakers, consequently their self esteem is low. Using the following perspectives and observing and recording a childs different behaviours can give teachers in Pupil referral units strategies to overcome pupils displayed behaviours which they can use effectively within the classroom. Firstly, the Pschodynamic perspective looks at how early experiences from childhood, attachment issues and other conflicts can have an effect on current behaviour traits, understanding these issues can help a teacher develop a positive relationship with the child. The Cognitive perspective, once testing of the childs abilities has been carried out, means that the work can be presented at the appropriate level (Ayers et al, 1995). This will help the child achieve success and develop their selfconfidence and self-esteem when attempting new topics. The Ecosystemic perspective looks at systems that influence the child, such as home, school and peer environments. Looking at all relationships that can affect the childs behaviour, and developing strategies to use within the classroom. Strategies based on this approach, such as nuture groups are being used increasingly in primary schools. Although these are implemented mainly by teachers, they sometimes involve assistance from other providers such as peers, parents or psychologists. A Behaviourist perspective approach looks at how postive and negative reinforcements us ed consistantly in school and at home can have a postive affect on behaviour, improving self esteem. A Humanistic perspective to managing behaviour tries to maximise a pupils inherent motivation to learn by minimising factors that undermine or inhibit this process. Teachers will need to recognise how the pupils feel about themselves and their capabilities. Maslow (1998) clarifies how needs such as physical and safety needs have to be adequately met before self esteem even becomes an issue. Although brief, the above descriptions of the different perspectives can give teachers an insight into why a child behaves the way it does. Many of the strategies mentioned in Log B support children with SEBD within the classroom. The most important one mentioned is actually listening to the child to try to understand what they feel and developing relationships. Emotional and behaviour difficulties are about people who are so badly hurt and in so much pain that they are angry, it is our belief that they express their anger in a place that is safe: to that expression of anger in school could be seen as positive Mc Namara, Morton (1995). Teachers in a Pupil Referral Unit situation often need to learn to also deal with their own emotions, as many feel frustrated because they want to help children to change their behaviour so that the pupils themselves get better outcomes. The usual strategies of sanctions, reasoning, punishments and exclusions used in secondary school dont always work with children in a Pupil referral unit. Therefore, being able to recognise the different behavioural perspectives teachers are able to develop their own teaching strategies within the classroom for the individual child. Before a child enters the Pupil referral unit they attend an assessment centre which is located within the same building, this gives a chance for the teachers to determine what the individual pupil needs to help them fulfil their potential. A behaviour contract is usually completed between the school, parents or guardian and the child themselves. The main areas that are addressed within this contract are used to develop positive behaviours to support relationships between pupils and teachers, pupils and their school environment, peer relationships and home relationships. By developing a whole school approach to behavioural management issues the Pupil referral unit involves all staff, some agencies, and the pupils. Involving parents would seem to be the best way forward. Capstick (2005) suggests Establishing good relationships with parents seem an important element when attempting to work with a child as well as giving tanible rewards. Teacher and staff need to examine what outcomes they want to achieve with the pupils and adopt or change the reward system to meet their needs. The values, which underpin a school behaviour policy, are that all children and adults have the right to work in a safe, calm, supported and purposeful environment. All children have the right to come to school without fear of being bullied. All adults have a responsibility to support the behaviour policy and for it to be consistently applied by all members of staff for it to work effectively. The Pupil referral units behavioural policy aims are to ensure a fair and consistent approach to dealing with the behaviour of children during the school day. This is by providing a safe, caring and supportive environment which allows children to learn and teachers to teach. The policy hopes to promote positive behaviour as a model for all behaviours. Help independence by making pupils responsible for their own actions and provide a structure which moderates childrens behaviour while allowing them to develop as responsible citizens within society.To achieve these aims it is vital that a partnership between home and school is established. A lack of, or poor discipline tends to be the result of problems within the family unit or lack of social skills. In a Pupil referral unit this is achieved in the following ways. Communication between a childs key teacher and their parent or guardian is good and means that the parent will phone in regularly to keep staff up to date on any problems at home, staff will in return inform parents of good behavour, effort or work that the child has produced. This means that the child is rewarded by the parent or guardian. When surveyed most children rated this highly on encouraging them to behave well at the pupil referral unit. Smith and Laslett (1993) suggest To use rewards and sanctions effectively requires knowledge and judicious application of the principles of behaviour modification the single most important factor in learning behaviour is what happens immediately following that behaviour. Pleasant consequences are most likely to reinforce the behaviour and make it happen again. To develop a whole school policy on sanctions and rewards within the Pupil referral unit, discussions should take place within the school community on how to deal with different types of behaviours observed in different places around the school. Pupils are involved during PSHCE lessons in conducting surveys, and a school council could be established so that the children views on school issues can be heard. For when the pupils understand the simple rules within the classroom the atmosphere is usually pleasant and the teaching enjoyable. The main objective for a school behavioural policy is to ensure that there was is a shared u nderstanding by both pupils and teachers of proportionate and differentiated sanctions that can be used in different situations. The policy needs to be clear on how teachers can acquire assistance in a crisis situation and who to go to for help. It should also be discussed what the protcol would be with the local police and youth offending services, if a serious incident occurred. Sanctions should be discussed with pupils and school rules displayed in every classroom. Sanctions must be fair and must be used to deal with behaviour, as quickly as possible. Pupils must know that when a sanction is applied it will be used. Record keeping is vital in the pupil referral unit, especially recording any behavioural incidents which help teachers deal with repetative behaviour issues. The Pupil referral unit could also use restorative justice to address poor behaviour, where a child is held to account for their actions and encouraged to put right the harm they may have caused. In some schools and Pupil Referral units this method seems to be working and behaviour is seen to be improving. The school behaviour policy should not only specify what sanctions are available to staff but also how positive behaviour will be reinforced through praise and rewards. The Elton Report (1989) noted that a reward and sanction ratio of at least 5:1 is an indication of a school with an effe ctive rewards and sanctions system. It also recommended that all schools should have a wide range of both rewards and sanctions that are applied fairly and consistently. The types of rewards used in a Pupil referral unit to motivate children are, verbal praise, rewarding postive behaviours which encouarge the pupils to behave in lessons, showing examples of examplar work on walls, displaying work showing the different levels of academic achievement. Giving all children the chance to succeed and develop their confidence and using the lessons they enjoy improving their self esteem. Reward strategies also used are certificates, postcards, prizes within lessons for consistent behaviour, effort or quality work. Parents are should be routinely informed of all of the above and termly assemblies given with parents encouraged to attend as recognition of their childs achievement. Teachers and staff within the Pupil referral unit therefore have high expectations of the pupils and encourage standards in collective and self discipline, encouraging purposeful learning opportunities within the classroom in order to support the behavioural management policy. An example of this is where children can be given target cards each day with one behaviour target on, they take this to each lesson and teachers record their behaviour, adding initials in the centre of the bullseye on the card if they have met that target for that lesson, at the end of the day the points (Initials in the centre of the bullseye) are added up and recorded on to a visual record sheet so that the pupils can see their achievements. Dealing with the different types of disruptions that can occur in lessons at the Pupil referral unit can also be challenging for teachers. Disruptions can manifest themselves as low level such as persistently talking to peers, seeking too much attention, or failing to cooperate. Whilst these disruptions can often be put down to stresses or difficulties outside school, it is evident that some situations arise because of the learning environment within the Pupil referral unit itself and this must be tackled in order for a behavioural policy and rewards and sanctions system to work effectively. Children can be bored with the work set especially if the level is incorrect, and will kick off. Some teachers as Ashman and Conway (1993) suggest see the problems as lying with the child rather than the curriculum or the methods used to teach. Lessons in the Pupil referral unit therefore can be timetabled for half hour and hour slots at various times of the year or timetables can be disbanded meaning that children experience a variety of different teaching styles within the day. This can also have a positive effect on behaviour management within the unit for example in practical lessons teachers are used to movement and children often have more freedom to move around depending upon the activity, the teachers tend to be more relaxed in their methods and consequently so are the children. Whereas, in theoretical lessons some teachers tend to regard movement as threatening and can apply sanctions more vigorously, if a child is critised or put down for something they have done wrong in class, this can add to a lowering of their self esteem and increase behavioural problems. Rogers (1998) Suggests that all teachers should develop their own discipline plan so that they know what to do in advance when classroom behaviour is disrup trive, to develop goals of discipline in school such as; helping the child accept responsibility for their own behaviour, exercise self control, respect the rights of others, adopt the principles of fairness and honesty and face logical consequences of their behaviour. The behaviour policy in the Pupil referral unit should also cover strategies such as tactical ignoring of certain behaviours, using simple directons, postive reinforcement of rules, behaviour and work. Strategies such as giving the children simple choices about sanctions, giving time out for five minutes, using isolation for counselling to discuss problems, or using break and lunchtime detentions, or keeping children for ten minutes after school can also be used as a positive way to modify pupil behaviours. Deflecting and defusing situations are one of the units strengths, as mentioned in Log B. The most common deflecting strategy used to distract the child from their behaviour, is usually humour but not with added sarcasm; this usually works and seems to calm the children down very quickly, without letting them lose face. The child is then reminded about giving an apology to the appropriate teacher. A room could also be used to mentor children who have caused disruption within a les son so that they can discuss their actions with a member of staff. These are all positive steps in helping children to understand how their actions can affect themselves and others and to consider the feelings of others and attempt to perceive their point of view. By enabling a child to empathise with others behaviours can often be modified in a more positive way. In conclusion the most important aspect of improving behaviour in any school is to develop a postive relationship with the children you teach, this is especially important in a Pupil referral unit as the pupils find it more difficult to make positive relationships. However, when they find a teacher that is friendly, caring, consistently predicatable and reliable many pupils will react postively and consequently their behaviour improves. For children who the above approach doesnt work, time and effort including observations are needed to determine which behavioural perspectives to use to help that child progress. In the Pupil referral unit therefore, the most effective way to help a child who has experienced traumatic events would be to use counselling by other services, or having a teacher they like discussing aspects of their behaviour with them, but being consistent with all the strategies included within the whole school behavioural policy and the use of sanctions and rewards helps improve behaviour. Unfortunately, in recent years the incidents of emotional and behavioural issues among children in all schools (not just pupil referral units) has increased and the different sanctions and strategies mentioned previously have yet to be embedded and used effectively everywhere. This is due to government pressure and league tables. Teachers have had to move away from listening to pupils in class time in order to get children through examinations, and to reach targets. As many of the solutions to helping improve behavioural issues for children with SEBD are based on a within child view and the team around the child, these thing involve a commitment from the government of time and money to enable these areas to be accessed by both pupils and teachers in order to improve behaviour effectively. An acknowledgement therefore that time spent on developing relationships within schools is in fact key to effecting education, requires a shift in government attitude in terms of expectations and ta rgets. Only then will pupil behaviour ultimately improve across educational establishments.

Aristotle Vs. Copernicus :: essays research papers

Aristotle vs. Copernicus Aristotle was a Greek philosopher and scientist, who shared with Plato the distinction of being the most famous of ancient philosophers. Aristotle was born at Stagira, in Macedonia, the son of a physician to the royal court. At the age of 17, he went to Athens to study at Plato's Academy. He remained there for about 20 years, as a student and then as a teacher. When Plato died in 347 bc , Aristotle moved to Assos, a city in Asia Minor, where a friend of his, Hermias (d. 345 bc ), was ruler. There he counseled Hermias and married his niece and adopted daughter, Pythias. After Hermias was captured and executed by the Persians, Aristotle went to Pella, the Macedonian capital, where he became the tutor of the king's young son Alexander, later known as Alexander the Great. In 335, when Alexander became king, Aristotle returned to Athens and established his own school, the Lyceum. Because much of the discussion in his school took place while teachers and students were walking about the Lyceum grounds, Aristotle's school came to be known as the Peripatetic ("walking" or "strolling") school. Upon the death of Alexander in 323 bc , strong anti- Macedonian feeling developed in Athens, and Aristotle retired to a family estate in Euboea. He died there the following year. His works on natural science include Physics, which gives a vast amount of information on astronomy, meteorology, plants, and animals. His writings on the nature, scope, and properties of being, which Aristotle called First Philosophy ( Prote philosophia ), were given the title Metaphysics in the first published edition of his works (c. 60 bc ), because in that edition they followed Physics. His treatment of the Prime Mover, or first cause, as pure intellect, perfect in unity, immutable, and, as he said, "the thought of thought," is given in the Metaphysics. To his son Nicomachus he dedicated his work on ethics, called the Nicomachean Ethics. Other essential works include his Rhetoric, his Poetics (which survives in incomplete form), and his Politics (also incomplete). Some of the principal aspects of Aristotle's thought can be seen in the following summary of his doctrines, or theories. Physics, or natural philosophy. In astronomy, Aristotle proposed a finite, spherical universe, with the earth at its center. The central region is made up of four elements: earth, air, fire, and water. In Aristotle's physics, each of these four elements has a proper place, determined by its relative heaviness, its "specific gravity." Each moves naturally in a straight line-earth down, fire up-toward its proper place, where

Characteristics of the Prophet Mohammad Essay

People admire a public figure for his or her characteristics and notable works. That person becomes a role model, and his or her characteristics become a legacy that the next generation will honor and praise. In particular, Prophet Mohammad is a remarkable person for Muslims and for other people as well because of his compassion, grace, politeness, grace, humility and respect for others. At one time, Mohammad was considered as the most influential and spiritual leader in the whole world. He was considered influential because Mohammad promoted his life from a shepherd towards being a prophet because of his spiritual power bested by Allah. Mohammad became the founder of one of the greatest religions. In addition to this, he became one of the greatest political leaders in the world. In the Islamic world, Mohammad is always being looked up to, and Muslims believe that he was the messenger from Allah himself (Hart). The prophet Mohammad possessed characteristics that have set him apart from other great leaders. Mohammad referred to himself as an apostle that Allah sent to the world to â€Å"demonstrate perfection of character, refinement of manners and loftiness of deportment. † Many people say that Mohammad is the embodiment of someone who possessed a gentle and kind-hearted nature (Ghani). He is also noted for being compassionate to those he met throughout his life. This quality of Mohammad was a great force which affected those who believed in him. In fact, they strived to memorize everything that Mohammad said because they loved and respected him. Even until today, many people are familiar with Mohammad’s words. His followers can still remember and recount Mohammad’s words, relics and memoirs. Another characteristic of Mohammad is his being lovable. Some people compared Mohammad to Moses and Jesus, who were also loved and respected by people. Along with being loveable, Mohammad possessed the kind of greatness which inspired fear and awe. Moreover, during his time, no one or nothing could separate the people from their prophet (Shariati). Mohammad was also described as gracious, polite, courteous, simple and humble. He was also sympathetic and sincere and overlooked the faults of other people. When it comes to justice, Mohammad could be severe and resolute, but his being severe was balanced with his generosity. His charming characteristic has attracted many followers, causing them to become devoted to their prophet (Ghani). With regards to this, there was an event which showed how influential he could be. There was a particular tribe in Arabia who was known for having fierce warriors. These were the Bedouin tribesmen, and they were not united. And since their number was small, they could not be matched for the other more powerful and larger armies from other kingdoms. But Mohammad was able to unite them, and they also came to believe in the presence of one true God. After this, they embarked on one of the most notable conquests in history, conquering empires and armies (Hart). Furthermore, Mohammad was said to be respectful and courteous to others. He believed that when someone honors an old man, he respects Allah. Mohammad was courteous even to those who were not pleasing for Allah. Many could also attest to the fact that Mohammad treated all of his people equally. He spent time visiting the poor and the sick and advised other Muslims to do the same. In addition, he was not biased; he invited anyone, regardless of status or race, to share with him his food (Ghani). History also says that Mohammad engaged himself in doing household work. This shows that Mohammad did not look down on the menial work of other people. In fact, there were times when he would sweep the floor and mend his clothes and feed his animals (Ghani). The prophet Mohammad was Muslim’s messenger from Allah. He possessed characteristics which became a model for other people. Being compassionate, loveable, gracious, polite, humble, respectful and his equal treatment for the people became the characteristics that made people follow his words and footsteps.

Essay on Media, Historical Upheavals and Remembrance in Everyday LifeEssay Writing Service

Essay on Media, Historical Upheavals and Remembrance in Everyday LifeEssay Writing Service Essay on Media, Historical Upheavals and Remembrance in Everyday Life Essay on Media, Historical Upheavals and Remembrance in Everyday LifeTraditionally, mass media have a considerable impact on the life of people and on their perception of the surrounding world and their cultural identity. At the same time, the major problem caused by mass media today is their overwhelming impact. As a result, today, people face substantial difficulties with the development of the independent view on historical events, because they are constantly exposed to the impact of mass media. Therefore, views and beliefs of people are shaped, to a significant extent, by mass media. In fact, mass media can contribute to historical upheavals and public remembrance of the past in everyday life, although such remembrance and perception of historical events may not mirror the actual events and they may be far from reality. Therefore, mass media overwhelming impact can provoke misleading interpretation of the past and historical events and formation of the erroneous view of people on their present because people learn about the surrounding world, key social, economic, political and historical events and issues from mass media mainly but they can never be certain in accuracy and objectivity of mass media.The development of mass media affects the public opinion and may have a historical impact on the society. In such a way, the development of mass media can have the higher impact on the development of the society because the perception of the present social life depends on the interpretation of the past of the society or, like George Orwell explained in his 1984, who controls the past controls the future, who controls the present, controls the past. Mass media control the public opinion today and shape the remembrance of people about their past (Bury 205). This is why the further development of the society also depends on mass media because people will rely on their past experienced created by mass media rather than by real facts. For instance, the misinterpretat ion of the past by mass media can cause conflicts between different social groups, as was the case of white Americans and Native Americans or white Americans and African Americans.At the same time, mass media contribute to the formation of the remembrance of the society of key events in the history. As a result, people retain in their memory what they receive from mass media (Bagdikian 199). In this regard, Twelve Years a Slave gives insight into the US history uncovering the problem of slavery and its impact on the life of the average people. The film offers the view from within, from the standpoint of a slave, who had struggled for his liberty.In such a way, the film reveals the full extent to which the media can influence the public opinion. At this point, it is worth mentioning the fact that the media, like Twelve Years a Slave, contribute to the formation of the public opinion and remembrance. For instance, the film Twelve Years a Slave contributes to the formation of the publi c remembrance about slavery. The film depicts the slavery and the life of slaves, while people tend to take events described in the film for granted. In such a way, they shape their vision of the slavery as the issue is depicted in the film and other media. Therefore, mass media contribute to the formation of the stable remembrance which may differ from the real history and historically grounded description of those invents. Instead, people tend to develop their views on the past through mass media and the way the media depict those events lead to the formation of the remembrance about those events.Therefore, mass media can contribute to the development of human remembrance and views, which may differ from the real facts. In such a way, mass media can create the illusionary world, where people learn from mass media and take them for granted.In such a situation, the question concerning the possible impact of mass media on the society arises. For instance, there is a high risk that ma ss media can promote misleading ideas and convey inaccurate messages about the past. For instance, it is possible to refer to the case of slavery as depicted by Twelve Years a Slave. In this regard, it is worth mentioning another film, Soldier Blue, which is the revisionist film that offered a different view on relations between white Americans and Native Americans. The film was shot in 1970, while before mass media developed a different view on the relations of white Americans and Native Americans. Mass media contributed to the formation of a hostile view on Native Americans, who represented a threat to white Americans. In such a way, mass media formed an erroneous view on Native Americans that caused tension between white Americans and Native Americans and contributed to the exclusion of Native Americans from the mainstream culture and society. Therefore, mass media develop the public opinion and remembrance of people about the past, although the way mass media depict the past may be inaccurate and fail to mirror the actual development of historical events.The danger of misrepresentation of the past persists as the mass media play increasingly more important role today. To put it more precisely, mass media have the overwhelming impact on the contemporary society because people are always vulnerable to the impact of mass media. In such a way, mass media became the major drivers of the formation of the historical remembrance and historical upheaval. In this regard, the public may face considerable difficulties with the adequate and accurate interpretation of messages conveyed by mass media. The difference may be the result of the artistic interpretation of historical events by authors. For instance, directors of Twelve Years a Slave and Soldier Blue have to re-work historical events, namely slavery and relations between white and Native Americans respectively. As a result, they develop a different view on historical events because they create feature films whi ch are fictional, even though they are grounded on historical facts (Chomsky 183). The point is the risk of misinterpretation of historical events by the public and formation of erroneous remembrance because of the overwhelming impact of mass media on the public remembrance of the past.At the same time, mass media contribute to historical upheavals that means that mass media can trigger social turmoil or other important events that lead to serious consequences in historical terms. At this point, it is possible to refer to the media coverage of 9/11 terror attacks. Even though the terror attacks have had a disastrous impact on the society and life of people in the US, mass media close attention and excessive coverage of the tragic events has provoked the public paranoia and shock because Americans could not feel being secure in the US, in their homes and public places. The fear caused by terror attacks and multiplied by the media coverage of terror attacks contributed to the wide pub lic support of the new policy launched by the US, known as the war on terror, which included the large scale struggle against international terrorism at all levels. The historical upheaval caused by the excessive media coverage of terror attacks of 9/11 determined, to a significant extent, aggressive militarist foreign policy of the US, justified the US military intervention in Iraq and Afghanistan and influenced the historical development of the US and the Middle East and the entire world for decades ahead because consequences of the US policy would be relevant for decades. This example reveals how mass media can contribute to the historical upheaval.Thus, the development of mass media contributes to the formation of the public opinion because mass media have the overwhelming impact on the contemporary society. However, such overwhelming impact of mass media on the public opinion is dangerous because mass media can influence historical upheavals and remembrance of the society. in s uch a situation, people may shape erroneous views about their past, if mass media misinterpret the past and represent their version of the past which may differ from the real historical facts.

Kenton Tennis Club Essays

Kenton Tennis Club Essays Kenton Tennis Club Essay Kenton Tennis Club Essay The project the based in Kenton Tennis Club which is situated in Kenton where Gopal Patel, my uncle is the manager and has been in charge of the day-to-day running of the tennis club for the last twenty years, however the club has been opened since 1905, hence my uncle is one of many mangers the club has had however he is the only one who has wanted to improve the running of the club. He needs to keep up to date with the membership payments and how well the members are progressing in their tennis at the tennis club and take any action if anything is not going according to plan e.g. a player in the advance section keeps losing their matches.There is a total of forty-six staff at Kenton Tennis Club, from the manager, the umpires, ball boys, ball girls and cleaning staff. In order to be kept informed with what his members are doing and how they are progressing and if they are paying their payments on time, he needs to have large amounts of information on each member such as address, telephone number, income, this is to see if they can keep up with the payments and if the payments are late the club can contact them and find out why.At this present moment the number of members has been increasing as its popularity causes to grow due to word of mouth by the members, which obviously enjoy themselves here. In the last six months the club has had over double the amount of people that usually join in a year, this has caused a lot of stress for Mr Patel hence now he wanted to adopt the computerize way of storing member details that way its a more quicker process and he ne ver has the trouble of having his office clustered with paperwork as there will be none.There are two tennis clubs close plus a cricket club. Last year half of Kenton Tennis Club members transferred to Belmont Cricket club, however at that time half of Kingsbury Tennis Club members transferred to Kenton Tennis Club, so basically Kenton Tennis Club regained the amount of members. Nevertheless it is very obvious there is a lot of competition between the three tennis clubs and also there is competition between Kenton Tennis Club and Kenton Cricket Club, for people who require leisure activities they are spoilt for choice between the two clubs.Here is Kenton Tennis Club. At present, Mr Patel has been facing a number of problems with the paperwork of the tennis club, as there is so much of it and not enough of space to store it. He has informed me that there is a tremendous amount of paperwork not only for the running of the tennis club such as electricity bills, heating bills etc; but a lso for the members information such as address, credit card details etc.One of Mr Patels assistants told that all the details of the members have to be written by hand and if say a member changes there address the whole information on that certain member has to be written out again so to keep it up-to-date. Also if there is a mistake on any of the members information then again it has to be written out, this is very time consuming and its a long slow tedious process.Moreover the paper work has to go into huge filing cabinets, which clutter up valuable office space and causes there to be less space in the room. Due to having loads information in the filing cabinets when you need a certain members information it takes a great deal of time to find their file as you have to spend the time to search for it amongst other files.

HIST Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

HIST - Essay Example But, on the other hand, there are certain reservations associated with this idea of preserving the past. The concept of imagined west explains this second thought. According to Dr. Morley the way these places have been preserved embody some politics and Imaginations attached to it. First, these places have not been saved the way they originally were and there is a lot of imagination used to make these places alluring to the tourists as well as locales. She elaborates this idea further more that although these places are a replica of past, but there is a lot of imagination working behind flourishing it. Only those things have been saved and protected that would appeal people. Moreover, using imagination, many new things have been added for the dà ©cor of these places no matter they were part of the past or not. Here Judy Morley takes a firm stand that although such things are against ethics and do not fall in any terms of the morality still since it benefits many people, it is harmle ss in their eyes. There are many other ironical facts associated with this idea of preservation. Like in the protection and preservation of the Old Town Albuquerque, many Hispanics were dislocated although the place represents the past glory and grandeur of the Hispanics. Secondly, in the Larimer Square the actual past trait of the skid row has been put under the carpet only to attract more number of tourists and make it a more worth seeing place. Judy Morley basis her wide research on interviews from the local property owners, dealers and business men. She also studies deep the fields of urban development and tourism etc. Thus she reaches on the conclusion that such preservations have very deep impacts on the urban life and neighborhood along with the tourism sector. Talking about the Larimer Street in Denver, Morley eloquently describes how time has changed around this place without harming its very soul. This Street is known for its shopping and

Social network marketing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Social network marketing - Research Paper Example A good communication network can give an organization an upper hand in the advertisement sector; this can either be marketing or conveying urgent information to the public. In an education institution for example, it is very useful in educating people, a good communication network can be used efficiently in conveying information to the students. It attracts even those people who are not even directly involved in the institution hence it reaches out to a large area network. In the past the means of communication were not so advanced and it took long to convey information to a wide area network, this, however has changed over time and the communication network is getting more and more efficient such that you can reach anyone you like , anywhere and with very minimal time (Bosari, J. 2012, pp 53). The social media has been the core of communication in this era, hence for an institution it is very recommendable that there is a social media means of conveying information to the members an d public. Social media is the best tool for marketing available to the people right now, communication is simplified, and there are minimal delays. However for one to come up with an efficient social networking site it takes a lot of dedication and patience, it is not built in a day and one has to work hard to make their social network site efficient in the field. Social media marketing is a branch of internet marketing that entail the use of the internet to reach out to other people. Social network marketing therefore is a fundamental tool for an organization aiming to maximize on their marketing chances. Social media networking is open to many different form of communication, this include; the use of video calls, audio or voice messages, and written messages. This is possible when using social sites to convey information (Cambia, E. Et Al. 2011, pp 59). It goes without doubt that social media networking is the most efficient method for educational institutional marketing, in addit ion to the many advantages of social media; it also gives the liberty to navigate through different links and access more information from the internet. It can be used as a way of uniting other communication networks. The advantages of social media marketing are almost limitless; this mode of communication gives room for even very small corporate or business entities to, market their products without any form of victimization so long as they have an effective social media account, one that can be easily accessed by many individuals. Engaging in online conversations is a very effective way of using the social media to convey information to individuals (Deis, H. & Kyle, H. 2010, pp 87). One could also use the social media to combine it with other promotional brands to better their products; it gives room for research on the products and gain extra information on the marketing strategies. This is done in an entertaining and more interactive way such that you have direct access to your target audience. It is like having a personal conversation, but from very different geographical positions. Having online conversations is the most effective way of having a basis for a better background in making a reliable social site. It helps one to gain the confidence of other institutions such that they can give you access to some of their internet products hence expands the range of potential contacts and audiences. Social media network is no longer a trend, it is a necessity in the marketing industry and a must have for every serious institution. Research has it that more than 94% of all institutions in the world use social media network as their preferred marketing option. social media not only